Knowledge of cervical cancer and assessment of risk factors among pregnant and postpartum women in sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Background: Most cases of cervical cancer in Nigeria present in advanced stages due to poor awareness of the disease and available screening modalities. The pre- and post-natal period may be an opportunity to see women of childbearing age, create awareness and identify high-risk factors.

Objective: To assess awareness of cervical cancer, associated factors; and risk factor assessment in pregnant and postpartum women.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University College Hospital Ibadan; 220 consenting women were interviewed. Data obtained were sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, awareness of cervical cancer; and its risk factors. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25; level of significance p<0.05. 

Result: Mean age was 31.15± 5.39years. forty-nine (22.3%) women had never heard of cervical cancer. Age (p<0.0001), occupation(p=0.01), education level (p<0.000), and religion (p=0.01), were associated with awareness. Younger age and educational level below tertiary were independent predictors of awareness. Multiple sexual partners and poor condom use were the commonest identifiable risk factors.

Conclusion: More than 1 in 5 women were not aware of cervical cancer. Age and education level were independently associated with level of awareness. To reduce the burden, interventions to prevent cervical cancer should include awareness and screening at maternal health clinics.